Launch Weather[1]
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Apollo 7 |
Apollo 8 |
Apollo 9 |
Apollo 10 |
Apollo 11 |
Apollo 12 |
Apollo 13 |
Apollo 14 |
Apollo 15 |
Apollo 16 |
Apollo 17 |
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Surface Observations |
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Pressure (lb/in²) |
14.765 |
14.804 |
14.642 |
14.779 |
14.798 |
14.621 |
14.676 |
14.652 |
14.788 |
14.769 |
14.795 |
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Temperature (°F) |
82.9 |
59.0 |
67.3 |
80.1 |
84.9 |
68.0 |
75.9 |
71.1 |
85.6 |
88.2 |
70.0 |
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Relative Humidity |
65% |
88% |
61% |
75% |
73% |
92% |
57% |
86% |
68% |
44% |
93% |
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Dew Point (°F) |
70 |
56 |
53 |
72 |
75 |
65 |
60 |
67 |
74 |
62.6 |
68.0 |
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Visibility (s mi) |
11.5 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
11.2 |
9.9 |
3.7 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
6.8 |
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Surface Wind Conditions |
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1st Level Wind Site (ft) |
64.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
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1st Level Wind Speed (ft/sec) |
33.5 |
18.7 |
22.6 |
32.2 |
10.8 |
22.3 |
20.7 |
16.4 |
16.7 |
20.7 |
13.5 |
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1st Level Wind Direction (deg) |
090 |
348 |
160 |
142 |
175 |
280 |
105 |
255 |
156 |
269 |
005 |
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2nd Level Wind Site (ft) |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
530.0 |
530.0 |
530.0 |
530.0 |
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2nd Level Wind Speed (ft/sec) |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
27.9 |
17.7 |
16.7 |
17.7 |
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2nd Level Wind Direction (deg) |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
N/R |
275 |
158 |
256 |
335 |
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Cloud Coverage |
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1st Level Cover |
30% |
40% |
70% |
40% |
10% |
100%/rain |
40% |
70% |
70% |
20% |
20% |
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1st Level Type |
Cumulonimbus |
Cirrus |
Stratocumulus |
Cumulus |
Cumulus |
Stratocumulus |
Altocumulus |
Cumulus |
Cirrus |
Cumulus |
Stratocumulus |
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1st Level Altitude (ft) |
2,100 |
N/R |
3,500 |
2,200 |
2,400 |
2,100 |
19,000 |
4,000 |
25,000 |
3,000 |
26,000 |
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2nd Level Cover |
--- |
--- |
100% |
20% |
20% |
--- |
100% |
20% |
--- |
--- |
50% |
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2nd Level Type |
--- |
--- |
Altostratus |
Altocumulus |
Altocumulus |
--- |
Cirrostratus |
Altocumulus |
--- |
--- |
Cirrus |
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2nd Level Altitude (ft) |
--- |
--- |
9,000 |
11,000 |
15,000 |
--- |
26,000 |
8,000 |
--- |
--- |
26,000 |
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3rd Level Cover |
--- |
--- |
--- |
100% |
90% |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
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3rd Level Type |
--- |
--- |
--- |
Cirrus |
Cirrostratus |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
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3rd Level Altitude (ft) |
--- |
--- |
--- |
Unknown |
Unknown |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
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Maximum Wind Speed/Ascent |
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Speed (ft/sec) |
136.2 |
150.9 |
250.0 |
154 |
203 |
256 |
246 |
207 |
249.3 |
85.6 |
252.6 |
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Altitude (ft) |
172,000 |
108,300 |
38,480 |
295,276 |
183,727 |
180,446 |
256,562 |
193,570 |
182,900 |
38,880 |
145,996 |
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Maximum Dynamic Pressure |
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Ground Elapsed Time (sec) |
75.5 |
78.9 |
85.5 |
82.6 |
83.0 |
81.1 |
81.3 |
81.0 |
82.0 |
86.0 |
82.5 |
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Max q (lb/ft2) |
665.60 |
776.938 |
630.73 |
694.232 |
735.17 |
682.95 |
651.63 |
655.8 |
768.58 |
726.81 |
701.75 |
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Altitude (ft) |
39,903 |
44,062 |
45,138 |
43,366 |
44,512 |
42,133 |
40,876 |
40,398 |
44,971 |
47,122 |
42,847 |
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Maximum Wind Conditions in High Dynamic Pressure Region |
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Altitude (ft) |
44,500 |
49,900 |
38,480 |
46,520 |
37,400 |
46,670 |
44,540 |
43,270 |
45,110 |
38,880 |
39,945 |
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Wind Speed (ft/sec) |
51.1 |
114.1 |
250.0 |
139.4 |
31.6 |
156.1 |
182.5 |
173.2 |
61.1 |
85.6 |
147.9 |
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Wind Direction (deg) |
309 |
284 |
264 |
270 |
297 |
245 |
252 |
255 |
063 |
257 |
311 |
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Maximum Wind Components |
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Pitch Plane - Pitch (ft/sec) |
51.8 |
102.4 |
244.4 |
133.9 |
24.9 |
154.9 |
182.4 |
173.2 |
-58.4 |
85.3 |
114.2 |
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Pitch Plane - Altitude (ft) |
36,800 |
49,500 |
38,390 |
45,280 |
36,680 |
46,670 |
44,540 |
43,720 |
45,030 |
38,880 |
39,945 |
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Yaw Plane - Yaw (ft/sec) |
51.5 |
74.1 |
71.2 |
61.4 |
23.3 |
-64.0 |
49.2 |
81.7 |
24.0 |
41.0 |
95.8 |
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Yaw Plane - Altitude (ft) |
47,500 |
51,800 |
37,500 |
48,720 |
39,530 |
44,780 |
42,750 |
33,460 |
44,040 |
50,850 |
37,237 |
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Maximum Shear Values (D h=1000 m) |
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Pitch Plane Shear (sec-1) |
0.0113 |
0.0103 |
0.0248 |
0.0203 |
0.0077 |
0.0183 |
0.0166 |
0.0201 |
0.0110 |
0.0095 |
0.0177 |
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Pitch Plane Altitude (ft) |
48,100 |
52,500 |
49,700 |
50,200 |
48,490 |
46,750 |
50,610 |
43,720 |
36,830 |
44,780 |
26,164 |
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Yaw Plane Shear (sec-1) |
0.0085 |
0.0157 |
0.0254 |
0.0125 |
0.0056 |
0.0178 |
0.0178 |
0.0251 |
0.0071 |
0.0114 |
0.0148 |
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Yaw Plane Altitude (ft) |
46,500 |
57,800 |
48,160 |
50,950 |
33,790 |
47,820 |
45,850 |
38,880 |
47,330 |
50,850 |
34,940 |
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Maximum % Density Deviations |
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Negative Deviation From PRA63[3] |
-0.1 |
-0.7 |
-6.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.2 |
-7.6 |
-2.8 |
-5.0 |
None |
-0.8 |
-0.0 |
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Altitude (n mi) |
4.32 |
4.32 |
7.56 |
4.32 |
4.45 |
8.50 |
7.69 |
7.69 |
None |
4.86 |
0.00 |
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Positive Deviation from PRA63 |
+1.3 |
+3.3 |
None |
+3.3 |
+4.4 |
+1.2 |
+0.5 |
None |
+4.2 |
+4.0 |
+1.7 |
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Altitude (n mi) |
5.80 |
8.50 |
None |
7.56 |
7.69 |
5.67 |
8.64 |
None |
7.56 |
8.64 |
7.02 |
[1] Compiled from Saturn launch vehicle reports, trajectory reconstruction reports, and Summary of Atmospheric Data Observations For 155 Flights of MSFC/ABMA Related Aerospace Vehicles.
[2] This measurement not used or not recorded at launch time.
[3] Patrick Air Force Base Reference Atmosphere, 1963.